INTRODUCTION: Neoplasm of the larynx has a high prevalence, accounting for 25% of malignant tumors of the head and neck. In Brazil, 9320 new cases are diagnosed and 3402 of these die each year. Early diagnosis increases the chance of a cure and reduces complications. Treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. These may be used in combination, but their application through staging and their impact on survival remain controversial. Due to the biopsychosocial impact of such therapies and the high rate of associated complications, further studies are needed to improve treatment efficacy and reduce its side effects. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate treatment complications among patients with cancer of the larynx and determine the epidemiological profile. METHODS: This retrospective, longitudinal, observational study included patients with cancer of the larynx and not those with other malignancies or without pathology. Preliminary RESULTS: A total of 84.6% of the study participants were men, 87% had squamous cell carcinoma, and their average age was 67 years. Complications: Thirteen patients (46%) had dysphonia, 12 (30.7%) dyspnea, and 7 (17.9%) dysphagia; there were 7 confirmed relapses. Discussion: Indications for treatment according to stage and survival are still being established, but complications because of the disease or treatment may determine the treatment plan. CONCLUSION: Currently there are a number of different methods and treatment protocols used for treating this disorder. To improve patient survival and quality of life, the complications and adverse effects of these must be determined and understood by doctors and patients.