Epidemiological studies of infantile dysphonia are rare, but those that have been performed indicate that the incidence of the disorder ranges from 4.4% to 30.3% OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of dysphonia in children aged 4-12 years, and to characterize the vocal symptoms, associated factors, and videolaryngoscopic findings. CASES AND METHODS: A total of 2000 children attending public school were randomly selected and allocated to 3 age groups: 4-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years. Their parents then completed a questionnaire regarding their children's vocal features. The participating children underwent auditory-perceptual evaluations and acoustic assessments along with videolaryngoscopy. RESULTS: All 2000 children (1007 boys, 993 girls) were included in the analysis. According to the parent reports, 206 children had experienced sporadic vocal symptoms, and 123 had permanent symptoms and were, therefore, included in the calculation of the dysphonia index. The auditory-perceptual evaluations were performed using the GRBASI scale and the findings were as follows: G0 (n = 694), G1 (n = 1065), and G2 (n = 228). Acoustic measurements indicated f0 decreased with age, and jitter %, PPQ, shimmer %, APQ, NHR, and SPI values increased with age. Vocal nodules, mucous thickening, and inflammatory processes were the most frequent videolaryngoscopic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Parental judgement suggested a dysphonia prevalence index of 6.15%; this was increased to 11.4% after the auditory-perceptual analyses. The most frequently reported vocal symptoms were related to vocal overuse, and associated factors were noisy environment, allergy, and nose obstruction. Acoustic measurements were directly related to the auditory-perceptual analysis scores. The most frequently diagnosed laryngeal lesions on videolaryngoscopy were vocal nodules, mucous thickening, and inflammatory states, especially in children with a G score of 1 or 2 on the GBRASI scale.