OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible complications of sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. Report: Forty-seven patients who had undergone sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus during the period from January 2008 to January 2012 in the Hospital of Federal University of Uberlândia and Otoface Clinic, were included in the study. Most patients were men with an average age of 38.02 years. Transient sensory disturbances occurred in the lower lip and chin in all patients, 91% of whom recovered completely without any residual sensory deficit. Wound dehiscence was seen in 9% of all patients. CONCLUSION: Sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is the most common procedure performed for the treatment of mandible deformity. The procedure has gone through many adaptations and improvements, and remains a useful and safe technic when used carefully. However, it is not free of complications; therefore, these should be acknowledged and avoided.