OBJECTIVE: To investigate temporal processing and dichotic listening in an elderly population of hearing aid users and correlate with cognitive assessment. CASE DESCRIPTION: We analyzed data from a cognitive and auditory media service in Caxias from Dec 2009 to Oct 2010. We selected 31 treatment protocols used in elderly individuals of both sexes, aged between 60 and 90 years. Audiometry, dichotic listening tests, and frequency assessment showed that the subjects had good speech recognition with evident improvement with the use of hearing aids. Most patients had mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss and used bilateral behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids. The dichotic listening and ordering elderly resembled the analysis of gender, hits per ear and the presence or absence of cognitive aspect changed. Lower dichotic listening score and temporal ordering score correlated with older age and lower cognitive score. Auditory temporal ordering ability declined with worsening quality of speech, difficulty finding words in spontaneous speech, and difficulty in recognition and language comprehension. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment is associated with decreased temporal ordering and dichotic listening scores.