OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cancer patients by audiological and transient otoacoustic emissions evaluation (TOAE). METHODS: Fourteen patients who underwent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in the oncology sector of Hospital de Urgências de Sergipe (Aracaju, Brazil) were studied. An anamnesis was obtained, and tonal and vocal audiometry and TOAE were performed. OUTCOMES: The patients' average age was 44.5 years, with female prevalence (92.9%) among the patients. Breast cancer was present in 57.1% of the patients, followed by cervical cancer (28.6%). In the sample, 71.4% of the patients reported a family history of cancer. Among hearing complaints, 64.3% of patients had hearing difficulties and 92.9% of patients had tinnitus. A worsening of hearing symptoms after chemotherapy was reported by 71.4% of the patients; however, 85.7% of the patients had a normal hearing threshold and 14.3% had sensorineural hearing loss. The average amplitude of otoacoustic emissions was 11.56 dB and was present in 85.7% of the sample. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between the number of courses of chemotherapy (p = 0.096) or radiotherapy (p = 0.925) and the groups with and without emissions. The relation between the TOAE amplitude in patients with or without chemotherapy did not show a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.830). CONCLUSION: The inclusion of TOAE complements audiological evaluation data. Thus, it is important to establish an audiological protocol by using TOAE.