AIM: To relate the influence of pacifier use, the presence of smokers in the family, and otitis media complaints with tympanometric findings in a group of preschoolers. METHOD: Cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at a kindergarten school located in a peripheral region of Marilia, with a population of low socioeconomic status. The sample consisted of 50 preschool children, 25 boys and 25 girls, aged 4-6 years. The parents of each subject received a questionnaire containing open and closed questions regarding preschool participation in hearing health and tympanometric screenings. Tympanometry was classified as normal (type A) or altered (type B, C, Ar). RESULTS: When analyzing the influence of pacifier use, it was observed that 53% of exposed preschoolers had abnormal middle ear function, and 39% of those without this risk had altered middle ear function. Tympanometric alterations were observed in 34.6% of preschoolers with smokers in the family and in 54.16% of those who were not exposed to smoke at home. Tympanometric alterations were observed in 23.1% of preschoolers with previous otitis media complaints and among 51.3% of those without any prior history. The chi-square statistical test showed no significant difference between the presence or absence of risk factors and tympanometric findings. CONCLUSION: The results showed no correlation between tympanometric findings and the presence of smokers in the family or previous otitis media complaints.