OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with dental cysts and literature review. CASE REPORT: A female patient, 7 years old, 5 months with a condition of development that begins with pain in the lower left first molar with caries is added level of swelling in the lower left jaw, solid, non-painful as palpitation, diffuse edges. She denies fever and trismus. CONCLUSION: dental cysts are more common during childhood, present mainly in an age group 20 - 40 years, more common in females in the lower jaw. They are characterized by having a cystic cavity within which is a tooth; the more frequent the canine and third molars. The panoramic radiography and computerized tomography are the most commonly used diagnostic methods. The treatment is excerese cyst accompanied by curettage of the bony walls.