OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the Disease of Riga-Fede disease, its implications and the importance of its precocious diagnosis. CASE REPORT: T.S.S., 2 years, masculine sex, appeared to the service of otolaryngology of the Hospital of the Clinics of the UFMG with complaint of injury in verbal cavity and dysphagia has eight months associated to the ponderal loss. To the oroscopy, it visualized ulcerative injury with off-white plate coalesced in tip region and lateral of the tongue. During evaluation, in our clinic of dental treatment, one noticed that the injuries were in topography of corresponding the tongue to the place of eruption of the incisors and inferior tooth. Requested revision laboratorial, sorology for CMV, EBV, HIV, herpes and carried through swab of the injuries. Topic corticotherapy and directed the patient for the service of odontology of the UFMG was initiated where they had carried through the diagnosis of disease of Riga-Fede disease and scraping of teeth. At the moment the patient is with the curve of growth adjusted for the age and without return of the disease. CONCLUSION: Disease of Riga- Fede is a rare and benign condition extremely characterized by traumatic ulceration in the surface of the tongue. The complications of the picture consist of alimentary difficulties, permanent delay in the growth and deformities in the tongue. Thus, the precocious diagnosis with boarding to multidiscipline becomes imperative in sight the adequate treatment and prevention of sequellae in childhood.