Aural polyp is a redish soft mass that can arise alone or multiple. Typically it appears in the external auditory canal, where its presence is a sign of chronic infection. Little is known about the real nature of the aural polyp, but a lot of diseases can cause or simulate it. There is significant association between aural polyp and cholesteatoma, and in its presence is necessary a surgical procedure. Many studies have been undertaken to identify parameters to preview cholesteatomas underlying aural polyps, considering histological, image and clinical criteria. Clinical and surgical treatment can be undertaken to cure the otitis and eliminate the polypoid mass. The objectives of our study are: 1) to review the literature about aural polyps and cholesteatoma, 2) to present a diagnosis and treatment update of that uncomfortable and dangerous disease.