INTRODUCTION: Hearing loss has serious neurodevelopmental consequences in children, including emotional, psychological, and social sequelae; therefore, early identification of hearing impairment is crucial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and quantify the knowledge of neonatologists, pediatricians, and medical pediatric residents regarding the detection, risk factors, diagnosis, and referral for rehabilitation of neonatal patients with hearing loss in Jundiaí, São Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study including 47 doctors interviewed with a 15-question questionnaire. RESULTS: Most respondents (83%) were informed about hearing loss or deafness from their medical coursework, but were mostly unaware of hearing evaluation techniques for selecting those at risk, degrees, and types of hearing loss. All the interviewees reported that in the first 6 months of life, it is possible to evaluate the hearing of a child and that it is the duty of the doctor to be concerned about the child's communication. As for routine screening of newborns' hearing, there was a balance between the answers. Regarding the age at which the child can receive auditory rehabilitation, the end of the first and second year of life predominated. CONCLUSION: The majority of respondents were aware of the risk factors for neonatal hearing impairment and it´s detection, performed procedures, were familiarized with hearing assessment techniques for high-risk infants, and recognized the importance of hearing loss diagnosis and the need to refer suspected cases.