OBJECTIVE: The aim of this is study was to evaluate the occurrence of otitis in preschool children. Parents were administered a questionnaire to select children with a positive history. After the selection, we administered the questionnaire to teachers to evaluate the auditory perception of these children in different environmental conditions (i.e., calm, ideal, multiple stimuli, memory, sequence, and auditory attention).METHODS: The study was conducted with 38 preschool children from a public school in Marilia. The children's age ranged from 4 to 6 years in both genders. The study was divided into 2stages. In the first stage, we administered a questionnaire about otitis media to the parents of the children with a positive history of otitis. We then administered to the parents the Children's Auditory Processing Performance Scale (CHAPPS), which is composed of 35 questions and divided into 6 parts, to evaluate their child's auditory perception. In the second stage, the CHAPPS was administered to the teachers of the preschool children who had confirmed middle ear alterations. The results of the parents' answers and teachers' answers on the CHAPPS were compared. RESULTS: Based on the CHAPPS questionnaire, this study showed positive results in the first stage for the patients in different environmental conditions, whereas in the second stage the patients had negative indices in most environmental conditions. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire was efficient in this study, but it was not easy to administer because of the sociocultural level of the families and because of the difficulties of administering it in a school environment.