The pentavalent antimonial substances (Sb5+) in doses of 20mgSb5+/kg/day continue being the treatment of choice for leishmaniose mucous (LM), although the stories of low effectiveness and of raised number of adverse effect. This study had as objective to describe the effectiveness and the security of 5mgSb5+/Kg/day in the treatment of patients with LM, throughout sixteen years, in the IPEC, FioCruz. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried through, type series of longitudinally followed cases. The data had been gotten of handbooks of the 148 patients with LM taken care of in the Service of Otolaryngology of the IPEC between 1º of January of 1989 and 31 of December of 2004. Of these, 98 (66.2%) treated with 5mgSb5+/Kg/day, of continuous or intermittent form (in series with rest intervals) had been enclosed in the study. The majority of the patients were men who played activities of risk for LM in the Southeastern region of Brazil. The more frequent clinical presentation was the delayed mucous form with nasal attack. The patients submitted to the treatment in series were in majority oldest and, possibly, with more co-morbity. Both the therapeutical projects had presented good effectiveness with reduced number of adverse effect. Exactly in the patients with retreatment necessity, these projects had kept well tolerated and efficient. The patients who had been dealt with anfotericine B or high dose Sb5+ after the treatment with 5mgSb5+/Kg/day, had answered adequately. The treatment with 5mgSb5+/Kg/day if showed to cash and good tolerated in the treatment of the LM, with 91,7% of cure, exactly that having been necessary more than a treatment.