OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of Auditory Brainstem Response (PEATE) in a case of microcephaly. CASE REPORT: participated in the study in a newborn female with a diagnosis of microcephaly, who attended the University Hospital of Santa Maria to perform newborn hearing screening. We examined the risk factors for hearing loss, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAET), cochlear-palpebral reflex (RCP) and PEATE. The risk factor was smoking during this pregnancy. There was obtained EOAET presence and absence of RCP. The patient was reevaluated with one month of age, obtaining the same results. The absence of CPR and because of the pathological condition, we chose to evaluate the PEATE. At two months, the absolute latencies of wave III in the right ear (OD), I, III and V of the left ear (OE) and interpeak latencies I-III in both ears were below expectations. At three months, the wave V latency and IV interval of OD decreased from the first examination. At four months, all latencies were normal OD, which was not observed in the OE. At five months, the latency of wave V and interpeak interval I-III of the OE were still decreased. At seven months, normal values were found only for the latencies of wave I, III and IV interpeak interval in the OD and the latency of wave I in OE. CONCLUSION: The responses in each age group studied did not correspond to normal, which showed changes in the auditory via.