OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of obstetric risk factors, demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial risk in the presence of child development at each age from zero to 18 months of children. Method: The initial sample consisted of 182 mother-infant dyads and the end of 58 dyads. Data collection occurred through the analysis of mother-infant interaction made based on the Protocol to the Risk Indicators of Child Development and an interview that investigated socio-economic, demographic, obstetric and psychosocial factors in the first stage of the research. The data were organized into a spreadsheet and then converted to computer applications STATISTICA 9.0. and PASW 17.0. We conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis, with a significance level of 10%. RESULTS: The significant risk factors for the four phases of the protocol were in the range of zero to four months the mother's marital status (OR = 3.113) and number of children (OR = 2.121) in the range of four to eight months the number of prenatal visits (OR = 4.940) and per capita income (OR = 7.070) in the range of eight to twelve months planning the pregnancy (OR = 3.417) and in the range of twelve to eighteen months, the history of depression maternal (OR = 10.304), maternal age (OR = 10.320) and the profession of the mother (OR = 4.454) (OR = risk ratio). CONCLUSION: The study showed that socioeconomic status, obstetric, psychosocial and demographic variables may present a risk to child development.