OBJECTIVE: Description of a patient with acute otomastoiditis and literature review. Case Study: Patient, male, 4 years old with a picture of one month of evolution of fetid purulent othorrea in moderate quantity in the right ear that did not give antibiotics or optical care, short to the table retroauricular swelling, pain when moving the Pinna, accompanied by inflammatory signs, and occasional fever spikes a week of evolution; observed on otoscopy polyp CAE law that leaves no see MT, CT with contrast mastoid ear: swelling over the right retroauricular mastoid opacification and erosion of the ossicular chain the same side; proceeds to drainage emergencies and day-care later, no tumor relapses, long after classical radical mastoidectomy is performed with remarkable improvement of the framework or postoperative recurrences per year. CONCLUSION: Acute mastoidities is a complication of OMA and the OMC, presenting as an acute latter, treatment with drainage of the tumor is more retroauricular myringotomy if the cause was a tumor under OMA and not to yield to simple drainage retromastoideo; requiring OMC in cases of suppurative Cholesteatomatous, simple or radical mastoidectomy for the elimination of the infectious and avoid complications.